List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.
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-a, --all
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do not ignore entries starting with .
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-A, --almost-all
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do not list implied . and ..
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--author
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with -l, print the author of each file
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-b, --escape
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print C-style escapes for nongraphic characters
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--block-size=SIZE
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scale sizes by SIZE before printing them. E.g.,
‘--block-size=M’ prints sizes in units of
1,048,576 bytes. See SIZE format below.
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-B, --ignore-backups
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do not list implied entries ending with ~
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-c
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with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last
modification of file status information)
with -l: show ctime and sort by name
otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first
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-C
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list entries by columns
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--color[=WHEN]
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colorize the output. WHEN defaults to ‘always’
or can be ‘never’ or ‘auto’. More info below
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-d, --directory
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list directory entries instead of contents,
and do not dereference symbolic links
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-D, --dired
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generate output designed for Emacs’ dired mode
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-f
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do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color
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-F, --classify
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append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries
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--file-type
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likewise, except do not append ‘*’
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--format=WORD
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across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,
single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C
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--full-time
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like -l --time-style=full-iso
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-g
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like -l, but do not list owner
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--group-directories-first
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group directories before files.
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augment with a --sort option, but any
use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping
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-G, --no-group
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in a long listing, don’t print group names
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-h, --human-readable
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with -l, print sizes in human readable format
(e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
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--si
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likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
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-H, --dereference-command-line
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follow symbolic links listed on the command line
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--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
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follow each command line symbolic link
that points to a directory
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--hide=PATTERN
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do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
(overridden by -a or -A)
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--indicator-style=WORD
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append indicator with style WORD to entry names:
none (default), slash (-p),
file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)
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-i, --inode
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print the index number of each file
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-I, --ignore=PATTERN
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do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
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-k
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like --block-size=1K
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-l
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use a long listing format
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-L, --dereference
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when showing file information for a symbolic
link, show information for the file the link
references rather than for the link itself
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-m
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fill width with a comma separated list of entries
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-n, --numeric-uid-gid
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like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs
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-N, --literal
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print raw entry names (don’t treat e.g. control
characters specially)
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-o
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like -l, but do not list group information
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-p, --indicator-style=slash
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append / indicator to directories
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-q, --hide-control-chars
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print ? instead of non graphic characters
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--show-control-chars
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show non graphic characters as-is (default
unless program is ‘ls’ and output is a terminal)
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-Q, --quote-name
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enclose entry names in double quotes
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--quoting-style=WORD
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use quoting style WORD for entry names:
literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape
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-r, --reverse
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reverse order while sorting
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-R, --recursive
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list subdirectories recursively
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-s, --size
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print the allocated size of each file, in blocks
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-S
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sort by file size
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--sort=WORD
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sort by WORD instead of name: none -U,
extension -X, size -S, time -t, version -v
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--time=WORD
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with -l, show time as WORD instead of modification
time: atime -u, access -u, use -u, ctime -c,
or status -c; use specified time as sort key
if --sort=time
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--time-style=STYLE
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with -l, show times using style STYLE:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, +FORMAT.
FORMAT is interpreted like ‘date’; if FORMAT is
FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies to
non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files;
if STYLE is prefixed with ‘posix-’, STYLE
takes effect only outside the POSIX locale
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-t
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sort by modification time, newest first
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-T, --tabsize=COLS
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assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
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-u
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with -lt: sort by, and show, access time
with -l: show access time and sort by name
otherwise: sort by access time
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-U
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do not sort; list entries in directory order
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-v
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natural sort of (version) numbers within text
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-w, --width=COLS
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assume screen width instead of current value
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-x
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list entries by lines instead of by columns
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-X
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sort alphabetically by entry extension
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-Z, --context
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print any SELinux security context of each file
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-1
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list one file per line
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--help
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display this help and exit
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--version
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output version information and exit
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SIZE may be (or may be an integer optionally followed by) one of following:
KB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.